In both Missouri and Illinois, criminal offenses are classified by severity. Misdemeanors carry maximum sentences of up to one year in jail. Felonies carry sentences of one year or more, often served in state prison. The classification determines the court, the procedure, and the long-term consequences.
Missouri uses classes A through D for misdemeanors and A through E for felonies, plus a separate category for unclassified offenses. Illinois uses Class A, B, and C misdemeanors and Class X, 1, 2, 3, and 4 felonies. Each class has its own sentencing range.
The classification matters far beyond the immediate sentence. Felony convictions trigger loss of voting rights (Missouri), firearm rights, certain employment licenses, immigration consequences, and housing restrictions. Misdemeanors have lesser collateral consequences but still appear on most background checks.