Mediation is a structured settlement negotiation led by a neutral third party (the mediator). Unlike a judge, the mediator doesn't decide anything. They shuttle between rooms, test offers, and identify the path to settlement. The session is confidential; what's said in mediation can't be used at trial.
Most pre-trial cases that don't resolve through direct negotiation go to mediation. The court often orders it before trial. Successful mediation produces a settlement; unsuccessful mediation produces a clearer picture of trial posture for both sides.
In Missouri and Illinois, mediation typically happens 60 to 180 days before trial. Both sides come with their settlement authority figured out. The mediator's job is to make the gap between offers feel bridgeable.